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An American biophysicist, crystallographer who invented a mathematical formula that determines the molecular structure of crystals .
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An American biophysicist, crystallographer who invented a mathematical formula that determines the molecular structure of crystals with his colleague Herbert Hauptman, American mathematician and crystallographer and won the Nobel Prize, was born on June 18, 1918, in New York, United States Karle. His earned his M.S. degree in 1943 and his Ph.D. degree in 1944 from the University of Michigan. Jerome Karle became chief scientist of the Naval Research Laboratory in 1968. From 1989 to 1991 Karle served as chairperson of the chemistry section for the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Karle and Hauptman developed a way to measure the angles of the deflected beams. Their mathematical formula translated the dot pattern made by the deflected x rays into a map showing the exact position of atoms within the structure. Because its complicated mathematics were difficult for many crystallographers to grasp, Karle and Hauptman's method did not receive immediate support. Karle and Hauptman's technique was soon being used to determine the atomic structures of thousands of new compounds, including vitamins, hormones, and antibiotics. After receiving the Nobel Prize, he continued to work on mathematical methods for determining the structures of large molecules such as proteins and viruses. This technique, called the direct method, revolutionized chemical research by cutting from years to days the time necessary to work out atomic structures. It also enabled chemists and biologists to create many new drugs. For developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structure, Karle and Hauptman were awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in chemistry, 30 years after their discovery.
He died on June 6, 2013, Annandale, Virginia, United States.
Author : Dr. Nidhi Jindal